Abstract

Using a PHYWE X-Ray Unit Bragg’s Method of X-Ray Diffraction is used to find the lattice constants and the densities of: Sodium Chloride ${\rho }_{NaCl}=2.0957\pm 0.0001kgm-3$ , Lithium Fluoride ρLiF=2.9656±0.0002 kgm−3 and Potassium Bromide $\rho KBr=2.2767\pm 0.0006kgm-3$ which on average is 11% from the confirmed values.

Various methods of improving the experiment are explored. Laue imaging is demonstrated in the purpose of finding the symmetry and structure of these crystals. Debye-Scherrer method of powder diffraction is also used to obtain diffraction pattern images of disordered crystals

Introduction

X-Ray Crystallography (XRC) is one of the most fundamental techniques used in various scientific fields to study the structure and properties of periodic structures at the atomic level.

Since the discovery of diffraction of X-Rays in crystalline structures by Lawrence and William Bragg in 1915, the technique has been used to determine the respective positions of atoms inside a crystal, electron densities and chemical bonds .

Together with XRC methods developed by Max von Laue, Peter Debye and Paul Scherrer demonstrated in this report, we have discovered many properties of crystals like salts, minerals, semiconductors and several organic molecules that wouldn’t have been found otherwise.